Implement <filesystem>

This patch implements the <filesystem> header and uses that
to provide <experimental/filesystem>.

Unlike other standard headers, the symbols needed for <filesystem>
have not yet been placed in libc++.so. Instead they live in the
new libc++fs.a library. Users of filesystem are required to link this
library. (Also note that libc++experimental no longer contains the
definition of <experimental/filesystem>, which now requires linking libc++fs).

The reason for keeping <filesystem> out of the dylib for now is that
it's still somewhat experimental, and the possibility of requiring an
ABI breaking change is very real. In the future the symbols will likely
be moved into the dylib, or the dylib will be made to link libc++fs automagically).

Note that moving the symbols out of libc++experimental may break user builds
until they update to -lc++fs. This should be OK, because the experimental
library provides no stability guarantees. However, I plan on looking into
ways we can force libc++experimental to automagically link libc++fs.

In order to use a single implementation and set of tests for <filesystem>, it
has been placed in a special `__fs` namespace. This namespace is inline in
C++17 onward, but not before that. As such implementation is available
in C++11 onward, but no filesystem namespace is present "directly", and
as such name conflicts shouldn't occur in C++11 or C++14.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk@338093 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8

include/module.modulemap

@@ -264,6 +264,10 @@ module std [system] {
     header "exception"
     export *
   }
+  module filesystem {
+    header "filesystem"
+    export *
+  }
   module forward_list {
     header "forward_list"
     export initializer_list