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649 lines
23 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
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.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2008.
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.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
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.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
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Network Commands
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****************
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Introduction
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============
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The RTEMS shell has the following network commands:
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- netstats_ - obtain network statistics
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- ifconfig_ - configure a network interface
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- route_ - show or manipulate the IP routing table
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- ping_ - ping a host or IP address
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Commands
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========
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This section details the Network Commands available. A subsection is dedicated
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to each of the commands and describes the behavior and configuration of that
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command as well as providing an example usage.
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.. raw:: latex
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\clearpage
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.. _netstats:
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netstats - obtain network statistics
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------------------------------------
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.. index:: netstats
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SYNOPSYS:
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.. code-block:: shell
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netstats [-Aimfpcut]
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DESCRIPTION:
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This command is used to display various types of network statistics. The
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information displayed can be specified using command line arguments in
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various combinations. The arguments are interpreted as follows:
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*-A*
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print All statistics
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*-i*
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print Inet Routes
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*-m*
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print MBUF Statistics
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*-f*
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print IF Statistics
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*-p*
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print IP Statistics
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*-c*
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print ICMP Statistics
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*-u*
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print UDP Statistics
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*-t*
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print TCP Statistics
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EXIT STATUS:
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This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
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NOTES:
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NONE
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EXAMPLES:
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The following is an example of using the ``netstats`` command to print the
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IP routing table:
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.. code-block:: shell
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[/] $ netstats -i
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Destination Gateway/Mask/Hw Flags Refs Use Expire Interface
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default 192.168.1.14 UGS 0 0 0 eth1
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192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 1 eth1
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192.168.1.14 00:A0:C8:1C:EE:28 UHL 1 0 1219 eth1
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192.168.1.51 00:1D:7E:0C:D0:7C UHL 0 840 1202 eth1
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192.168.1.151 00:1C:23:B2:0F:BB UHL 1 23 1219 eth1
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The following is an example of using the ``netstats`` command to print the
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MBUF statistics:
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.. code-block:: shell
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[/] $ netstats -m
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************ MBUF STATISTICS ************
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mbufs:2048 clusters: 128 free: 63
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drops: 0 waits: 0 drains: 0
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free:1967 data:79 header:2 socket:0
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pcb:0 rtable:0 htable:0 atable:0
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soname:0 soopts:0 ftable:0 rights:0
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ifaddr:0 control:0 oobdata:0
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The following is an example of using the ``netstats`` command to print the
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print the interface statistics:
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.. code-block:: shell
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[/] $ netstats -f
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************ INTERFACE STATISTICS ************
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***** eth1 *****
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Ethernet Address: 00:04:9F:00:5B:21
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Address:192.168.1.244 Broadcast Address:192.168.1.255 Net mask:255.255.255.0
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Flags: Up Broadcast Running Active Multicast
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Send queue limit:50 length:1 Dropped:0
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Rx Interrupts:889 Not First:0 Not Last:0
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Giant:0 Non-octet:0
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Bad CRC:0 Overrun:0 Collision:0
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Tx Interrupts:867 Deferred:0 Late Collision:0
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Retransmit Limit:0 Underrun:0 Misaligned:0
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The following is an example of using the ``netstats`` command to print the
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print IP statistics:
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.. code-block:: shell
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[/] $ netstats -p
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************ IP Statistics ************
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total packets received 894
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packets rcvd for unreachable dest 13
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datagrams delivered to upper level 881
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total ip packets generated here 871
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The following is an example of using the ``netstats`` command to print the
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ICMP statistics:
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.. code-block:: shell
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[/] $ netstats -c
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************ ICMP Statistics ************
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Type 0 sent 843
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number of responses 843
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Type 8 received 843
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The following is an example of using the ``netstats`` command to print the
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UDP statistics:
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.. code-block:: shell
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[/] $ netstats -u
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************ UDP Statistics ************
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The following is an example of using the ``netstats`` command to print the
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TCP statistics:
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.. code-block:: shell
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[/] $ netstats -t
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************ TCP Statistics ************
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connections accepted 1
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connections established 1
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segs where we tried to get rtt 34
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times we succeeded 35
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delayed acks sent 2
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total packets sent 37
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data packets sent 35
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data bytes sent 2618
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ack-only packets sent 2
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total packets received 47
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packets received in sequence 12
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bytes received in sequence 307
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rcvd ack packets 35
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bytes acked by rcvd acks 2590
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times hdr predict ok for acks 27
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times hdr predict ok for data pkts 10
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.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_NETSTATS
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.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_NETSTATS
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CONFIGURATION:
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This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
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custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_NETSTATS`` to have
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this command included.
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This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
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``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_NETSTATS`` when all shell commands have been
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configured.
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.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_netstats
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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:
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The ``netstats`` is implemented by a C language function which has the
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following prototype:
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.. code-block:: c
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int rtems_shell_rtems_main_netstats(
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int argc,
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char **argv
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);
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The configuration structure for the ``netstats`` has the following prototype:
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.. code-block:: c
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extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_NETSTATS_Command;
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.. raw:: latex
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\clearpage
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.. _ifconfig:
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ifconfig - configure a network interface
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----------------------------------------
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.. index:: ifconfig
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SYNOPSYS:
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.. code-block:: shell
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ifconfig
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ifconfig interface
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ifconfig interface \[up|down]
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ifconfig interface \[netmask|pointtopoint|broadcast] IP
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DESCRIPTION:
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This command may be used to display information about the network
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interfaces in the system or configure them.
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EXIT STATUS:
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This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
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NOTES:
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Just like its counterpart on GNU/Linux and BSD systems, this command is
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complicated. More example usages would be a welcome submission.
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EXAMPLES:
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The following is an example of how to use ``ifconfig``:
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.. code-block:: shell
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************ INTERFACE STATISTICS ************
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***** eth1 *****
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Ethernet Address: 00:04:9F:00:5B:21
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Address:192.168.1.244 Broadcast Address:192.168.1.255 Net mask:255.255.255.0
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Flags: Up Broadcast Running Active Multicast
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Send queue limit:50 length:1 Dropped:0
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Rx Interrupts:5391 Not First:0 Not Last:0
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Giant:0 Non-octet:0
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Bad CRC:0 Overrun:0 Collision:0
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Tx Interrupts:5256 Deferred:0 Late Collision:0
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Retransmit Limit:0 Underrun:0 Misaligned:0
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.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_IFCONFIG
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.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_IFCONFIG
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CONFIGURATION:
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This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
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custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_IFCONFIG`` to have
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this command included.
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This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
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``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_IFCONFIG`` when all shell commands have been
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configured.
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.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_ifconfig
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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:
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The ``ifconfig`` is implemented by a C language function which has the
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following prototype:
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.. code-block:: c
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int rtems_shell_rtems_main_ifconfig(
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int argc,
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char **argv
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);
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The configuration structure for the ``ifconfig`` has the following
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prototype:
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.. code-block:: c
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extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_IFCONFIG_Command;
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.. raw:: latex
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\clearpage
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.. _route:
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route - show or manipulate the ip routing table
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-----------------------------------------------
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.. index:: route
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SYNOPSYS:
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.. code-block:: shell
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route [subcommand] [args]
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DESCRIPTION:
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This command is used to display and manipulate the routing table. When
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invoked with no arguments, the current routing information is displayed.
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When invoked with the subcommands ``add`` or ``del``, then additional
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arguments must be provided to describe the route.
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Command templates include the following:
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.. code-block:: shell
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route [add|del] -net IP_ADDRESS gw GATEWAY_ADDRESS [netmask MASK]
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route [add|del] -host IP_ADDRESS gw GATEWAY_ADDRES [netmask MASK]
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When not provided the netmask defaults to ``255.255.255.0``
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EXIT STATUS:
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This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
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NOTES:
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Just like its counterpart on GNU/Linux and BSD systems, this command is
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complicated. More example usages would be a welcome submission.
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EXAMPLES:
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The following is an example of how to use ``route`` to display, add, and
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delete a new route:
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.. code-block:: shell
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[/] $ route
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Destination Gateway/Mask/Hw Flags Refs Use Expire Interface
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default 192.168.1.14 UGS 0 0 0 eth1
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192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 1 eth1
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192.168.1.14 00:A0:C8:1C:EE:28 UHL 1 0 1444 eth1
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192.168.1.51 00:1D:7E:0C:D0:7C UHL 0 10844 1202 eth1
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192.168.1.151 00:1C:23:B2:0F:BB UHL 2 37 1399 eth1
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[/] $ route add -net 192.168.3.0 gw 192.168.1.14
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[/] $ route
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Destination Gateway/Mask/Hw Flags Refs Use Expire Interface
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default 192.168.1.14 UGS 0 0 0 eth1
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192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 1 eth1
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192.168.1.14 00:A0:C8:1C:EE:28 UHL 2 0 1498 eth1
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192.168.1.51 00:1D:7E:0C:D0:7C UHL 0 14937 1202 eth1
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192.168.1.151 00:1C:23:B2:0F:BB UHL 2 96 1399 eth1
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192.168.3.0 192.168.1.14 UGS 0 0 0 eth1
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[/] $ route del -net 192.168.3.0 gw 192.168.1.14
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[/] $ route
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Destination Gateway/Mask/Hw Flags Refs Use Expire Interface
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default 192.168.1.14 UGS 0 0 0 eth1
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192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 1 eth1
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192.168.1.14 00:A0:C8:1C:EE:28 UHL 1 0 1498 eth1
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192.168.1.51 00:1D:7E:0C:D0:7C UHL 0 15945 1202 eth1
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192.168.1.151 00:1C:23:B2:0F:BB UHL 2 117 1399 eth1
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.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_ROUTE
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.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_ROUTE
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CONFIGURATION:
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This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
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custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_ROUTE`` to have this
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command included.
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This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
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``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_ROUTE`` when all shell commands have been
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configured.
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.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_route
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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:
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The ``route`` is implemented by a C language function which has the
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following prototype:
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.. code-block:: c
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int rtems_shell_rtems_main_route(
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int argc,
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char **argv
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);
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The configuration structure for the ``route`` has the following prototype:
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.. code-block:: c
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extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_ROUTE_Command;
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.. raw:: latex
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\clearpage
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.. _ping:
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ping - ping a host or IP address
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--------------------------------
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.. index:: ping
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SYNOPSYS:
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.. code-block:: shell
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ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]
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[-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]
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[-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]
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[-W waittime] [-z tos] host
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ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]
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[-M mask | time] [-m ttl] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]
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[-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]
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[-z tos] mcast-group
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DESCRIPTION:
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The ping utility uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST datagram
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to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway. ECHO_REQUEST
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datagrams ("pings") have an IP and ICMP header, followed by a "struct
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timeval" and then an arbitrary number of "pad" bytes used to fill out the
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packet. The options are as follows:
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*-A*
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Audible. Output a bell (ASCII 0x07) character when no packet is
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received before the next packet is transmitted. To cater for
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round-trip times that are longer than the interval between
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transmissions, further missing packets cause a bell only if the maximum
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number of unreceived packets has increased.
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*-a*
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Audible. Include a bell (ASCII 0x07) character in the output when any
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packet is received. This option is ignored if other format options are
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present.
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*-c count*
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Stop after sending (and receiving) count ECHO_RESPONSE packets. If
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this option is not specified, ping will operate until interrupted. If
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this option is specified in conjunction with ping sweeps, each sweep
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will consist of count packets.
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*-D*
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Set the Don't Fragment bit.
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*-d*
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Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used.
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*-f*
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Flood ping. Outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred
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times per second, whichever is more. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a
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period "." is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received a backspace
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is printed. This provides a rapid display of how many packets are
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being dropped. Only the super-user may use this option. This can be
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very hard on a network and should be used with caution.
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*-G sweepmaxsize*
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Specify the maximum size of ICMP payload when sending sweeping pings.
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This option is required for ping sweeps.
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*-g sweepminsize*
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Specify the size of ICMP payload to start with when sending sweeping
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pings. The default value is 0.
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*-h sweepincrsize*
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Specify the number of bytes to increment the size of ICMP payload after
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each sweep when sending sweeping pings. The default value is 1.
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*-I iface*
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Source multicast packets with the given interface address. This flag
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only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
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*-i wait*
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Wait wait seconds between sending each packet. The default is to wait
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for one second between each packet. The wait time may be fractional,
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but only the super-user may specify values less than 1 second. This
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option is incompatible with the -f option.
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*-L*
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Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the
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ping destination is a multicast address.
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*-l preload*
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If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets as fast as
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possible before falling into its normal mode of behavior. Only the
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super-user may use this option.
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*-M mask | time*
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Use ICMP_MASKREQ or ICMP_TSTAMP instead of ICMP_ECHO. For mask, print
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the netmask of the remote machine. Set the net.inet.icmp.maskrepl MIB
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variable to enable ICMP_MASKREPLY. For time, print the origination,
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reception and transmission timestamps.
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*-m ttl*
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Set the IP Time To Live for outgoing packets. If not specified, the
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kernel uses the value of the net.inet.ip.ttl MIB variable.
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*-n*
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Numeric output only. No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names
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for host addresses.
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*-o*
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Exit successfully after receiving one reply packet.
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*-p pattern*
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You may specify up to 16 "pad" bytes to fill out the packet you send.
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This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network.
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For example, "-p ff" will cause the sent packet to be filled with all
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ones.
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*-Q*
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Somewhat quiet output. Don't display ICMP error messages that are in
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response to our query messages. Originally, the -v flag was required
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to display such errors, but -v displays all ICMP error messages. On a
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busy machine, this output can be overbear- ing. Without the -Q flag,
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ping prints out any ICMP error mes- sages caused by its own
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ECHO_REQUEST messages.
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*-q*
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Quiet output. Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup
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time and when finished.
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*-R*
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Record route. Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST
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packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets. Note that
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the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes; the
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traceroute(8) command is usually better at determining the route
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packets take to a particular destination. If more routes come back
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than should, such as due to an illegal spoofed packet, ping will print
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the route list and then truncate it at the correct spot. Many hosts
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ignore or discard the RECORD_ROUTE option.
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*-r*
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Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an
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attached network. If the host is not on a directly-attached network,
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an error is returned. This option can be used to ping a local host
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through an interface that has no route through it (e.g., after the
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interface was dropped).
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|
*-S src_addr*
|
|
Use the following IP address as the source address in outgoing packets.
|
|
On hosts with more than one IP address, this option can be used to
|
|
force the source address to be something other than the IP address of
|
|
the interface the probe packet is sent on. If the IP address is not
|
|
one of this machine's interface addresses, an error is returned and
|
|
nothing is sent.
|
|
|
|
*-s packetsize*
|
|
Specify the number of data bytes to be sent. The default is 56, which
|
|
translates into 64 ICMP data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of
|
|
ICMP header data. Only the super-user may specify val- ues more than
|
|
default. This option cannot be used with ping sweeps.
|
|
|
|
*-T ttl*
|
|
Set the IP Time To Live for multicasted packets. This flag only
|
|
applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
|
|
|
|
*-t timeout*
|
|
Specify a timeout, in seconds, before ping exits regardless of how many
|
|
packets have been received.
|
|
|
|
*-v*
|
|
Verbose output. ICMP packets other than ECHO_RESPONSE that are
|
|
received are listed.
|
|
|
|
*-W waittime*
|
|
Time in milliseconds to wait for a reply for each packet sent. If a
|
|
reply arrives later, the packet is not printed as replied, but
|
|
considered as replied when calculating statistics.
|
|
|
|
*-z tos*
|
|
Use the specified type of service.
|
|
|
|
EXIT STATUS:
|
|
The ping utility exits with one of the following values:
|
|
|
|
0 At least one response was heard from the specified host.
|
|
|
|
2 The transmission was successful but no responses were
|
|
received.
|
|
|
|
any other value an error occurred. These values are defined in
|
|
<sysexits.h>.
|
|
|
|
NOTES:
|
|
When using ping for fault isolation, it should first be run on the local
|
|
host, to verify that the local network interface is up and running. Then,
|
|
hosts and gateways further and further away should be "pinged". Round-trip
|
|
times and packet loss statistics are computed. If duplicate packets are
|
|
received, they are not included in the packet loss calculation, although
|
|
the round trip time of these packets is used in calculating the round-trip
|
|
time statistics. When the specified number of packets have been sent a
|
|
brief summary is displayed, showing the number of packets sent and
|
|
received, and the minimum, mean, maximum, and standard deviation of the
|
|
round-trip times.
|
|
|
|
This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and
|
|
management. Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise
|
|
to use ping during normal operations or from automated scripts.
|
|
|
|
This command can fail if more than the FD_SET size number of file
|
|
descriptors are open.
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLES:
|
|
The following is an example of how to use ``oing`` to ping:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: shell
|
|
|
|
[/] # ping 10.10.10.1
|
|
PING 10.10.10.1 (10.10.10.1): 56 data bytes
|
|
64 bytes from 10.10.10.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.356 ms
|
|
64 bytes from 10.10.10.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.229 ms
|
|
64 bytes from 10.10.10.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.233 ms
|
|
64 bytes from 10.10.10.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.235 ms
|
|
64 bytes from 10.10.10.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.229 ms
|
|
--- 10.10.10.1 ping statistics ---
|
|
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
|
|
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.229/0.256/0.356/0.050 ms
|
|
[/] # ping -f -c 10000 10.10.10.1
|
|
PING 10.10.10.1 (10.10.10.1): 56 data bytes
|
|
.
|
|
--- 10.10.10.1 ping statistics ---
|
|
10000 packets transmitted, 10000 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
|
|
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.154/0.225/0.533/0.027 ms
|
|
|
|
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_PING
|
|
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_PING
|
|
|
|
CONFIGURATION:
|
|
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
|
|
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_PING`` to have this
|
|
command included.
|
|
|
|
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
|
|
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_PING`` when all shell commands have been
|
|
configured.
|
|
|
|
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_ping
|
|
|
|
PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:
|
|
The ``ping`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
|
|
prototype:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: c
|
|
|
|
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_ping(
|
|
int argc,
|
|
char **argv
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
The configuration structure for the ``ping`` has the following prototype:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: c
|
|
|
|
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_PING_Command;
|