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.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
.. COMMENT: COPYRIGHT (c) 1988-2008.
.. COMMENT: On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
.. COMMENT: All rights reserved.
File and Directory Commands
###########################
Introduction
============
The RTEMS shell has the following file and directory commands:
- blksync_ - sync the block driver
- cat_ - display file contents
- cd_ - alias for chdir
- chdir_ - change the current directory
- chmod_ - change permissions of a file
- chroot_ - change the root directory
- cp_ - copy files
- dd_ - convert and copy a file
- debugrfs_ - debug RFS file system
- df_ - display file system disk space usage
- dir_ - alias for ls_
- fdisk_ - format disks
- hexdump_ - format disks
- ln_ - make links
- ls_ - list files in the directory
- md5_ - display file system disk space usage
- mkdir_ - create a directory
- mkdos_ - DOSFS disk format
- mknod_ - make device special file
- mkrfs_ - format RFS file system
- mount_ - mount disk
- mv_ - move files
- pwd_ - print work directory
- rmdir_ - remove empty directories
- rm_ - remove files
- umask_ - Set file mode creation mask
- unmount_ - unmount disk
Commands
========
This section details the File and Directory Commands available. A subsection
is dedicated to each of the commands and describes the behavior and
configuration of that command as well as providing an example usage.
.. _blksync:
blksync - sync the block driver
-------------------------------
.. index:: blksync
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
blksync driver
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command issues a block driver sync call to the driver. The driver is a
path to a device node. The sync call will flush all pending writes in the cache
to the media and block until the writes have completed.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``blksync``:
.. code:: c
blksync /dev/hda1
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_BLKSYNC
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_BLKSYNC
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_BLKSYNC`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_BLKSYNC`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_blksync
The ``blksync`` is implemented by a C language function
which has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_blksync(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``blksync`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_BLKSYNC_Command;
.. _cat:
cat - display file contents
---------------------------
.. index:: cat
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
cat file1 [file2 .. fileN]
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command displays the contents of the specified files.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
It is possible to read the input from a device file using ``cat``.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``cat``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] # cat /etc/passwd
root:*:0:0:root::/:/bin/sh
rtems:*:1:1:RTEMS Application::/:/bin/sh
tty:!:2:2:tty owner::/:/bin/false
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CAT
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CAT
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CAT`` to have this command
included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CAT`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_cat
The ``cat`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_cat(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``cat`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_CAT_Command;
.. _cd:
cd - alias for chdir
--------------------
.. index:: cd
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
cd directory
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command is an alias or alternate name for the ``chdir``. See `ls - list
files in the directory` for more information.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``cd``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ cd etc
SHLL [/etc] $ cd /
SHLL [/] $ cd /etc
SHLL [/etc] $ pwd
/etc
SHLL [/etc] $ cd /
SHLL [/] $ pwd
/
SHLL [/] $ cd etc
SHLL [/etc] $ cd ..
SHLL [/] $ pwd
/
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CD
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CD
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CD`` to have this command
included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CD`` when all shell commands have been configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_cd
The ``cd`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_cd(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``cd`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_CD_Command;
.. _chdir:
chdir - change the current directory
------------------------------------
.. index:: chdir
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
chdir [dir]
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command is used to change the current working directory to the specified
directory. If no arguments are given, the current working directory will be
changed to ``/``.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``chdir``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ pwd
/
SHLL [/] $ chdir etc
SHLL [/etc] $ pwd
/etc
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CHDIR
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CHDIR
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CHDIR`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CHDIR`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_chdir
The ``chdir`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_chdir(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``chdir`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_CHDIR_Command;
.. _chmod:
chmod - change permissions of a file
------------------------------------
.. index:: chmod
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
chmod permissions file1 [file2...]
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command changes the permissions on the files specified to the indicated
``permissions``. The permission values are POSIX based with owner, group, and
world having individual read, write, and executive permission bits.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
The ``chmod`` command only takes numeric representations of
the permissions.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``chmod``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] # cd etc
SHLL [/etc] # ls
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 102 Jan 01 00:00 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42 Jan 01 00:00 group
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30 Jan 01 00:00 issue
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28 Jan 01 00:00 issue.net
4 files 202 bytes occupied
SHLL [/etc] # chmod 0777 passwd
SHLL [/etc] # ls
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 102 Jan 01 00:00 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42 Jan 01 00:00 group
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30 Jan 01 00:00 issue
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28 Jan 01 00:00 issue.net
4 files 202 bytes occupied
SHLL [/etc] # chmod 0322 passwd
SHLL [/etc] # ls
--wx-w--w- 1 nouser root 102 Jan 01 00:00 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 nouser root 42 Jan 01 00:00 group
-rw-r--r-- 1 nouser root 30 Jan 01 00:00 issue
-rw-r--r-- 1 nouser root 28 Jan 01 00:00 issue.net
4 files 202 bytes occupied
SHLL [/etc] # chmod 0644 passwd
SHLL [/etc] # ls
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 102 Jan 01 00:00 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42 Jan 01 00:00 group
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30 Jan 01 00:00 issue
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28 Jan 01 00:00 issue.net
4 files 202 bytes occupied
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CHMOD
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CHMOD
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CHMOD`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CHMOD`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_chmod
The ``chmod`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_chmod(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``chmod`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_CHMOD_Command;
.. _chroot:
chroot - change the root directory
----------------------------------
.. index:: chroot
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
chroot [dir]
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command changes the root directory to ``dir`` for subsequent commands.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
The destination directory ``dir`` must exist.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``chroot`` and the impact it has on
the environment for subsequent command invocations:
.. code:: c
SHLL [/] $ cat passwd
cat: passwd: No such file or directory
SHLL [/] $ chroot etc
SHLL [/] $ cat passwd
root:*:0:0:root::/:/bin/sh
rtems:*:1:1:RTEMS Application::/:/bin/sh
tty:!:2:2:tty owner::/:/bin/false
SHLL [/] $ cat /etc/passwd
cat: /etc/passwd: No such file or directory
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CHROOT
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CHROOT
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CHROOT`` to have this
command included. Additional to that you have to add one POSIX key value pair
for each thread where you want to use the command.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CHROOT`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_chroot
The ``chroot`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_chroot(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``chroot`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_CHROOT_Command;
.. _cp:
cp - copy files
---------------
.. index:: cp
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
cp [-R [-H | -L | -P]] [-f | -i] [-pv] src target
cp [-R [-H | -L] ] [-f | -i] [-NpPv] source_file ... target_directory
**DESCRIPTION:**
In the first synopsis form, the cp utility copies the contents of the
source_file to the target_file. In the second synopsis form, the contents of
each named source_file is copied to the destination target_directory. The names
of the files themselves are not changed. If cp detects an attempt to copy a
file to itself, the copy will fail.
The following options are available:
*-f*
For each existing destination pathname, attempt to overwrite it. If permissions
do not allow copy to succeed, remove it and create a new file, without
prompting for confirmation. (The -i option is ignored if the -f option is
specified.)
*-H*
If the -R option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed.
(Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.)
*-i*
Causes cp to write a prompt to the standard error output before copying a file
that would overwrite an existing file. If the response from the standard input
begins with the character 'y', the file copy is attempted.
*-L*
If the -R option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.
*-N*
When used with -p, do not copy file flags.
*-P*
No symbolic links are followed.
*-p*
Causes cp to preserve in the copy as many of the modification time, access
time, file flags, file mode, user ID, and group ID as allowed by permissions.
If the user ID and group ID cannot be preserved, no error message is displayed
and the exit value is not altered.
If the source file has its set user ID bit on and the user ID cannot be
preserved, the set user ID bit is not preserved in the copy's permissions. If
the source file has its set group ID bit on and the group ID cannot be
preserved, the set group ID bit is not preserved in the copy's permissions. If
the source file has both its set user ID and set group ID bits on, and either
the user ID or group ID cannot be preserved, neither the set user ID or set
group ID bits are preserved in the copy's permissions.
*-R*
If source_file designates a directory, cp copies the directory and the entire
subtree connected at that point. This option also causes symbolic links to be
copied, rather than indirected through, and for cp to create special files
rather than copying them as normal files. Created directories have the same
mode as the corresponding source directory, unmodified by the process's umask.
*-v*
Cause cp to be verbose, showing files as they are copied.
For each destination file that already exists, its contents are overwritten if
permissions allow, but its mode, user ID, and group ID are unchanged.
In the second synopsis form, target_directory must exist unless there is only
one named source_file which is a directory and the -R flag is specified.
If the destination file does not exist, the mode of the source file is used as
modified by the file mode creation mask (umask, see csh(1)). If the source file
has its set user ID bit on, that bit is removed unless both the source file and
the destination file are owned by the same user. If the source file has its set
group ID bit on, that bit is removed unless both the source file and the
destination file are in the same group and the user is a member of that group.
If both the set user ID and set group ID bits are set, all of the above
conditions must be fulfilled or both bits are removed.
Appropriate permissions are required for file creation or overwriting.
Symbolic links are always followed unless the -R flag is set, in which case
symbolic links are not followed, by default. The -H or -L flags (in conjunction
with the -R flag), as well as the -P flag cause symbolic links to be followed
as described above. The -H and -L options are ignored unless the -R option is
specified. In addition, these options override eachsubhedading other and the
command's actions are determined by the last one specified.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
NONE
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``cp`` to copy a file to a new name
in the current directory:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] # cat joel
cat: joel: No such file or directory
SHLL [/] # cp etc/passwd joel
SHLL [/] # cat joel
root:*:0:0:root::/:/bin/sh
rtems:*:1:1:RTEMS Application::/:/bin/sh
tty:!:2:2:tty owner::/:/bin/false
SHLL [/] # ls
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 536 Jan 01 00:00 dev/
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1072 Jan 01 00:00 etc/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 102 Jan 01 00:00 joel
3 files 1710 bytes occupied
The following is an example of how to use ``cp`` to
copy one or more files to a destination directory and
use the same ``basename`` in the destination directory:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] # mkdir tmp
SHLL [/] # ls tmp
0 files 0 bytes occupied
SHLL [/] # cp /etc/passwd tmp
SHLL [/] # ls /tmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 102 Jan 01 00:01 passwd
1 files 102 bytes occupied
SHLL [/] # cp /etc/passwd /etc/group /tmp
SHLL [/] # ls /tmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 102 Jan 01 00:01 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42 Jan 01 00:01 group
2 files 144 bytes occupied
SHLL [/] #
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CP
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CP
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_CP`` to have this command
included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_CP`` when all shell commands have been configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_main_cp
The ``cp`` command is implemented by a C language function which
has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_main_cp(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``cp`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_CP_Command;
**ORIGIN:**
The implementation and portions of the documentation for this command are from
NetBSD 4.0.
.. _dd:
dd - convert and copy a file
----------------------------
.. index:: dd
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
dd [operands ...]
**DESCRIPTION:**
The dd utility copies the standard input to the standard output. Input data is
read and written in 512-byte blocks. If input reads are short, input from
multiple reads are aggregated to form the output block. When finished, dd
displays the number of complete and partial input and output blocks and
truncated input records to the standard error output.
The following operands are available:
*bs=n*
Set both input and output block size, superseding the ibs and obs operands.
If no conversion values other than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified,
then each input block is copied to the output as a single block without any
aggregation of short blocks.
*cbs=n*
Set the conversion record size to n bytes. The conversion record size is
required by the record oriented conversion values.
*count=n*
Copy only n input blocks.
*files=n*
Copy n input files before terminating. This operand is only applicable
when the input device is a tape.
*ibs=n*
Set the input block size to n bytes instead of the default 512.
*if=file*
Read input from file instead of the standard input.
*obs=n*
Set the output block size to n bytes instead of the default 512.
*of=file*
Write output to file instead of the standard output. Any regular output
file is truncated unless the notrunc conversion value is specified. If an
initial portion of the output file is skipped (see the seek operand) the
output file is truncated at that point.
*seek=n*
Seek n blocks from the beginning of the output before copying. On non-tape
devices, a *lseek* operation is used. Otherwise, existing blocks are read
and the data discarded. If the seek operation is past the end of file,
space from the current end of file to the specified offset is filled with
blocks of NUL bytes.
*skip=n*
Skip n blocks from the beginning of the input before copying. On input
which supports seeks, a *lseek* operation is used. Otherwise, input data
is read and discarded. For pipes, the correct number of bytes is read.
For all other devices, the correct number of blocks is read without
distinguishing between a partial or complete block being read.
*progress=n*
Switch on display of progress if n is set to any non-zero value. This will
cause a "." to be printed (to the standard error output) for every n full
or partial blocks written to the output file.
*conv=value[,value...]*
Where value is one of the symbols from the following list.
*ascii, oldascii*
The same as the unblock value except that characters are translated
from EBCDIC to ASCII before the records are converted. (These values
imply unblock if the operand cbs is also specified.) There are two
conversion maps for ASCII. The value ascii specifies the recom- mended
one which is compatible with AT&T System V UNIX. The value oldascii
specifies the one used in historic AT&T and pre 4.3BSD-Reno systems.
*block*
Treats the input as a sequence of newline or end-of-file terminated
variable length records independent of input and output block
boundaries. Any trailing newline character is discarded. Each input
record is converted to a fixed length output record where the length is
specified by the cbs operand. Input records shorter than the
conversion record size are padded with spaces. Input records longer
than the conversion record size are truncated. The number of truncated
input records, if any, are reported to the standard error output at the
completion of the copy.
*ebcdic, ibm, oldebcdic, oldibm*
The same as the block value except that characters are translated from
ASCII to EBCDIC after the records are converted. (These values imply
block if the operand cbs is also specified.) There are four conversion
maps for EBCDIC. The value ebcdic specifies the recommended one which
is compatible with AT&T System V UNIX. The value ibm is a slightly
different mapping, which is compatible with the AT&T System V UNIX ibm
value. The values oldebcdic and oldibm are maps used in historic AT&T
and pre 4.3BSD-Reno systems.
*lcase*
Transform uppercase characters into lowercase characters.
*noerror*
Do not stop processing on an input error. When an input error occurs,
a diagnostic message followed by the current input and output block
counts will be written to the standard error output in the same format
as the standard completion message. If the sync conversion is also
specified, any missing input data will be replaced with NUL bytes (or
with spaces if a block oriented conversion value was specified) and
processed as a normal input buffer. If the sync conversion is not
specified, the input block is omitted from the output. On input files
which are not tapes or pipes, the file offset will be positioned past
the block in which the error occurred using lseek(2).
*notrunc*
Do not truncate the output file. This will preserve any blocks in the
output file not explicitly written by dd. The notrunc value is not
supported for tapes.
*osync*
Pad the final output block to the full output block size. If the input
file is not a multiple of the output block size after conversion, this
conversion forces the final output block to be the same size as
preceding blocks for use on devices that require regularly sized blocks
to be written. This option is incompatible with use of the bs=n block
size specification.
*sparse*
If one or more non-final output blocks would consist solely of NUL
bytes, try to seek the output file by the required space instead of
filling them with NULs. This results in a sparse file on some file
systems.
*swab*
Swap every pair of input bytes. If an input buffer has an odd number
of bytes, the last byte will be ignored during swapping.
*sync*
Pad every input block to the input buffer size. Spaces are used for
pad bytes if a block oriented conversion value is specified, otherwise
NUL bytes are used.
*ucase*
Transform lowercase characters into uppercase characters.
*unblock*
Treats the input as a sequence of fixed length records independent of
input and output block boundaries. The length of the input records is
specified by the cbs operand. Any trailing space characters are
discarded and a newline character is appended.
Where sizes are specified, a decimal number of bytes is expected. Two or more
numbers may be separated by an "x" to indicate a product. Each number may have
one of the following optional suffixes:
*b*
Block; multiply by 512
*k*
Kibi; multiply by 1024 (1 KiB)
*m*
Mebi; multiply by 1048576 (1 MiB)
*g*
Gibi; multiply by 1073741824 (1 GiB)
*t*
Tebi; multiply by 1099511627776 (1 TiB)
*w*
Word; multiply by the number of bytes in an integer
When finished, dd displays the number of complete and partial input and output
blocks, truncated input records and odd-length byte-swapping ritten. Partial
output blocks to tape devices are considered fatal errors. Otherwise, the rest
of the block will be written. Partial output blocks to character devices will
produce a warning message. A truncated input block is one where a variable
length record oriented conversion value was specified and the input line was
too long to fit in the conversion record or was not newline terminated.
Normally, data resulting from input or conversion or both are aggregated into
output blocks of the specified size. After the end of input is reached, any
remaining output is written as a block. This means that the final output block
may be shorter than the output block size.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
NONE
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``dd``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ dd if=/nfs/boot-image of=/dev/hda1
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_DD
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_DD
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_DD`` to have this command
included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by
defining``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_DD`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_dd
The ``dd`` command is implemented by a C language function which has the
following prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_dd(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``dd`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_DD_Command;
.. _debugrfs:
debugrfs - debug RFS file system
--------------------------------
.. index:: debugrfs
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
debugrfs [-hl] path command [options]
**DESCRIPTION:**
The command provides debugging information for the RFS file system.
The options are:
*-h*
Print a help message.
*-l*
List the commands.
*path*
Path to the mounted RFS file system. The file system has to be mounted to
view to use this command.
The commands are:
*block start [end]*
Display the contents of the blocks from start to end.
*data*
Display the file system data and configuration.
*dir bno*
Process the block as a directory displaying the entries.
*group start [end]*
Display the group data from the start group to the end group.
*inode [-aef] [start] [end]*
Display the inodes between start and end. If no start and end is provides
all inodes are displayed.
*-a*
Display all inodes. That is allocated and unallocated inodes.
*-e*
Search and display on inodes that have an error.
*-f*
Force display of inodes, even when in error.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
NONE
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``debugrfs``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ debugrfs /c data
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_DEBUGRFS
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_DEBUGRFS
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_DEBUGRFS`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_DEBUGRFS`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_debugrfs
The ``debugrfs`` command is implemented by a C language function which
has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_debugrfs(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for ``debugrfs`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_DEBUGRFS_Command;
.. _df:
df - display file system disk space usage
-----------------------------------------
.. index:: df
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
df [-h] [-B block_size]
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command print disk space usage for mounted file systems.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
NONE
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``df``:
.. code:: c
SHLL [/] $ df -B 4K
Filesystem 4K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/rda 124 1 124 0% /mnt/ramdisk
SHLL [/] $ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/rda 495 1 494 0% /mnt/ramdisk
SHLL [/] $ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/rda 495K 1K 494K 0% /mnt/ramdisk
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_DF
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_DF
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_DF`` to have this command
included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_DF`` when all shell commands have been configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_df
The ``df`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_main_df(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``df`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_DF_Command;
.. _dir:
dir - alias for ls
------------------
.. index:: dir
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
dir [dir]
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command is an alias or alternate name for the ``ls``. See `ls - list
files in the directory` for more information.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
NONE
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``dir``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ dir
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 536 Jan 01 00:00 dev/
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1072 Jan 01 00:00 etc/
2 files 1608 bytes occupied
SHLL [/] $ dir etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 102 Jan 01 00:00 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42 Jan 01 00:00 group
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30 Jan 01 00:00 issue
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28 Jan 01 00:00 issue.net
4 files 202 bytes occupied
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_DIR
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_DIR
This command is included in the default shell command set.
When building a custom command set, define``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_DIR`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_DIR`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_dir
The ``dir`` is implemented by a C language function
which has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_dir(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``dir`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_DIR_Command;
.. _fdisk:
fdisk - format disk
-------------------
.. index:: fdisk
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
fdisk
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_FDISK
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_FDISK
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_FDISK`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_FDISK`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
.. _hexdump:
hexdump - ascii/dec/hex/octal dump
----------------------------------
.. index:: hexdump
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
hexdump [-bcCdovx] [-e format_string] [-f format_file] [-n length] [-s skip] file ...
**DESCRIPTION:**
The hexdump utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or the
standard input, if no files are specified, in a user specified format.
The options are as follows:
*-b*
One-byte octal display. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed
by sixteen space-separated, three column, zero-filled, bytes of input data,
in octal, per line.
*-c*
One-byte character display. Display the input offset in hexadecimal,
followed by sixteen space-separated, three column, space-filled, characters
of input data per line.
*-C*
Canonical hex+ASCII display. Display the input offset in hexadecimal,
followed by sixteen space-separated, two column, hexadecimal bytes,
followed by the same sixteen bytes in %_p format enclosed in "|"
characters.
*-d*
Two-byte decimal display. Display the input offset in hexadecimal,
followed by eight space-separated, five column, zero-filled, two-byte units
of input data, in unsigned decimal, per line.
*-e format_string*
Specify a format string to be used for displaying data.
*-f format_file*
Specify a file that contains one or more newline separated format strings.
Empty lines and lines whose first non-blank character is a hash mark (#)
are ignored.
*-n length*
Interpret only length bytes of input.
*-o*
Two-byte octal display. Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed
by eight space-separated, six column, zerofilled, two byte quantities of
input data, in octal, per line.
*-s offset*
Skip offset bytes from the beginning of the input. By default, offset is
interpreted as a decimal number. With a leading 0x or 0X, offset is
interpreted as a hexadecimal number, otherwise, with a leading 0, offset is
interpreted as an octal number. Appending the character b, k, or m to
offset causes it to be interpreted as a multiple of 512, 1024, or 1048576,
respectively.
*-v*
The -v option causes hexdump to display all input data. Without the -v
option, any number of groups of output lines, which would be identical to
the immediately preceding group of output lines (except for the input
offsets), are replaced with a line containing a single asterisk.
*-x*
Two-byte hexadecimal display. Display the input offset in hexadecimal,
followed by eight, space separated, four column, zero-filled, two-byte
quantities of input data, in hexadecimal, per line.
For each input file, hexdump sequentially copies the input to standard output,
transforming the data according to the format strings specified by the -e and
-f options, in the order that they were specified.
*Formats*
A format string contains any number of format units, separated by whitespace.
A format unit contains up to three items: an iteration count, a byte count, and
a format.
The iteration count is an optional positive integer, which defaults to one.
Each format is applied iteration count times.
The byte count is an optional positive integer. If specified it defines the
number of bytes to be interpreted by each iteration of the format.
If an iteration count and/or a byte count is specified, a single slash must be
placed after the iteration count and/or before the byte count to disambiguate
them. Any whitespace before or after the slash is ignored.
The format is required and must be surrounded by double quote (" ") marks. It
is interpreted as a fprintf-style format string (see*fprintf*), with the
following exceptions:
- An asterisk (*) may not be used as a field width or precision.
- A byte count or field precision is required for each "s" con- version
character (unlike the fprintf(3) default which prints the entire string if
the precision is unspecified).
- The conversion characters "h", "l", "n", "p" and "q" are not supported.
- The single character escape sequences described in the C standard are
supported:
NUL \0
<alert character> \a
<backspace> \b
<form-feed> \f
<newline> \n
<carriage return> \r
<tab> \t
<vertical tab> \v
Hexdump also supports the following additional conversion strings:
*_a[dox]*
Display the input offset, cumulative across input files, of the next byte
to be displayed. The appended characters d, o, and x specify the display
base as decimal, octal or hexadecimal respectively.
*_A[dox]*
Identical to the _a conversion string except that it is only performed
once, when all of the input data has been processed.
*_c*
Output characters in the default character set. Nonprinting characters are
displayed in three character, zero-padded octal, except for those
representable by standard escape notation (see above), which are displayed
as two character strings.
*_p*
Output characters in the default character set. Nonprinting characters are
displayed as a single ".".
*_u*
Output US ASCII characters, with the exception that control characters are
displayed using the following, lower-case, names. Characters greater than
0xff, hexadecimal, are displayed as hexadecimal strings.
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
|``000`` nul|``001`` soh|``002`` stx|``003`` etx|``004`` eot|``005`` enq|
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
|``006`` ack|``007`` bel|``008`` bs |``009`` ht |``00A`` lf |``00B`` vt |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
|``00C`` ff |``00D`` cr |``00E`` so |``00F`` si |``010`` dle|``011`` dc1|
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
|``012`` dc2|``013`` dc3|``014`` dc4|``015`` nak|``016`` syn|``017`` etb|
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
|``018`` can|``019`` em |``01A`` sub|``01B`` esc|``01C`` fs |``01D`` gs |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
|``01E`` rs |``01F`` us |``07F`` del| | | |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
The default and supported byte counts for the conversion characters
are as follows:
+----------------------+---------------------------------+
|%_c, %_p, %_u, %c |One byte counts only. |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+
|%d, %i, %o, %u, %X, %x|Four byte default, one, two, four|
| |and eight byte counts supported. |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+
|%E, %e, %f, %G, %g |Eight byte default, four byte |
| |counts supported. |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+
The amount of data interpreted by each format string is the sum of the data
required by each format unit, which is the iteration count times the byte
count, or the iteration count times the number of bytes required by the format
if the byte count is not specified.
The input is manipulated in "blocks", where a block is defined as the largest
amount of data specified by any format string. Format strings interpreting
less than an input block's worth of data, whose last format unit both
interprets some number of bytes and does not have a specified iteration count,
have the iteration count incremented until the entire input block has been
processed or there is not enough data remaining in the block to satisfy the
format string.
If, either as a result of user specification or hexdump modifying the iteration
count as described above, an iteration count is greater than one, no trailing
whitespace characters are output during the last iteration.
It is an error to specify a byte count as well as multiple conversion
characters or strings unless all but one of the conversion characters or
strings is _a or _A.
If, as a result of the specification of the -n option or end-of-file being
reached, input data only partially satisfies a format string, the input block
is zero-padded sufficiently to display all available data (i.e. any format
units overlapping the end of data will display some num- ber of the zero
bytes).
Further output by such format strings is replaced by an equivalent number of
spaces. An equivalent number of spaces is defined as the number of spaces
output by an s conversion character with the same field width and precision as
the original conversion character or conversion string but with any "+", " ",
"#" conversion flag characters removed, and ref- erencing a NULL string.
If no format strings are specified, the default display is equivalent to
specifying the -x option.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
NONE
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``hexdump``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ hexdump -C -n 512 /dev/hda1
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_HEXDUMP
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_HEXDUMP
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_HEXDUMP`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by
defining``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_HEXDUMP`` when all shell commands have
been configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_hexdump
The ``hexdump`` command is implemented by a C language function which has the
following prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_hexdump(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``hexdump`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_HEXDUMP_Command;
.. _ln:
ln - make links
---------------
.. index:: ln
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: c
ln [-fhinsv] source_file [target_file]
ln [-fhinsv] source_file ... target_dir
**DESCRIPTION:**
The ln utility creates a new directory entry (linked file) which has the same
modes as the original file. It is useful for maintaining multiple copies of a
file in many places at once without using up storage for the "copies"; instead,
a link "points" to the original copy. There are two types of links; hard links
and symbolic links. How a link "points" to a file is one of the differences
between a hard or symbolic link.
The options are as follows:
*-f*
Unlink any already existing file, permitting the link to occur.
*-h*
If the target_file or target_dir is a symbolic link, do not follow it.
This is most useful with the -f option, to replace a symlink which may
point to a directory.
*-i*
Cause ln to write a prompt to standard error if the target file exists. If
the response from the standard input begins with the character 'y' or 'Y',
then unlink the target file so that the link may occur. Otherwise, do not
attempt the link. (The -i option overrides any previous -f options.)
*-n*
Same as -h, for compatibility with other ln implementations.
*-s*
Create a symbolic link.
*-v*
Cause ln to be verbose, showing files as they are processed.
By default ln makes hard links. A hard link to a file is indistinguishable
from the original directory entry; any changes to a file are effective
independent of the name used to reference the file. Hard links may not
normally refer to directories and may not span file systems.
A symbolic link contains the name of the file to which it is linked. The
referenced file is used when an *open* operation is performed on the link. A
*stat* on a symbolic link will return the linked-to file; an *lstat* must be
done to obtain information about the link. The *readlink* call may be used to
read the contents of a symbolic link. Symbolic links may span file systems and
may refer to directories.
Given one or two arguments, ln creates a link to an existing file source_file.
If target_file is given, the link has that name; target_file may also be a
directory in which to place the link; otherwise it is placed in the current
directory. If only the directory is specified, the link will be made to the
last component of source_file.
Given more than two arguments, ln makes links in target_dir to all the named
source files. The links made will have the same name as the files being linked
to.
**EXIT STATUS:**
The ``ln`` utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] ln -s /dev/console /dev/con1
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_LN
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_LN
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_LN`` to have this command
included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_LN`` when all shell commands have been configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_ln
The ``ln`` command is implemented by a C language function which has the
following prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_ln(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``ln`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_LN_Command;
**ORIGIN:**
The implementation and portions of the documentation for this command are from
NetBSD 4.0.
.. _ls:
ls - list files in the directory
--------------------------------
.. index:: ls
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
ls [dir]
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command displays the contents of the specified directory. If no arguments
are given, then it displays the contents of the current working directory.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
This command currently does not display information on a set of files like the
POSIX ls(1). It only displays the contents of entire directories.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``ls``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ ls
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 536 Jan 01 00:00 dev/
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1072 Jan 01 00:00 etc/
2 files 1608 bytes occupied
SHLL [/] $ ls etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 102 Jan 01 00:00 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42 Jan 01 00:00 group
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30 Jan 01 00:00 issue
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28 Jan 01 00:00 issue.net
4 files 202 bytes occupied
SHLL [/] $ ls dev etc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 rtems root 0 Jan 01 00:00 console
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Jan 01 00:00 console_b
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_LS
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_LS
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_LS`` to have this command
included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_LS`` when all shell commands have been configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_ls
The ``ls`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_ls(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``ls`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_LS_Command;
.. _md5:
md5 - compute the Md5 hash of a file or list of files
-----------------------------------------------------
.. index:: md5
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
md5 <files>
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command prints the MD5 of a file. You can provide one or more files on the
command line and a hash for each file is printed in a single line of output.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``md5``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ md5 shell-init
MD5 (shell-init) = 43b4d2e71b47db79eae679a2efeacf31
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MD5
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MD5
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MD5`` to have this command
included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MD5`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_md5
The ``md5`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_main_md5(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``md5`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_MD5_Command;
.. _mkdir:
mkdir - create a directory
--------------------------
.. index:: mkdir
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: c
mkdir dir [dir1 .. dirN]
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command creates the set of directories in the order they are specified on
the command line. If an error is encountered making one of the directories,
the command will continue to attempt to create the remaining directories on the
command line.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
If this command is invoked with no arguments, nothing occurs.
The user must have sufficient permissions to create the directory. For the
``fileio`` test provided with RTEMS, this means the user must login as ``root``
not ``rtems``.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``mkdir``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] # ls
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 536 Jan 01 00:00 dev/
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1072 Jan 01 00:00 etc/
2 files 1608 bytes occupied
SHLL [/] # mkdir joel
SHLL [/] # ls joel
0 files 0 bytes occupied
SHLL [/] # cp etc/passwd joel
SHLL [/] # ls joel
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 102 Jan 01 00:02 passwd
1 files 102 bytes occupied
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MKDIR
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MKDIR
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MKDIR`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MKDIR`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_mkdir
The ``mkdir`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_mkdir(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``mkdir`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_MKDIR_Command;
.. _mkdos:
mkdos - DOSFS file system format
--------------------------------
.. index:: mkdos
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
mkdos [-V label] [-s sectors/cluster] [-r size] [-v] path
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command formats a block device entry with the DOSFS file system.
*-V label*
Specify the volume label.
*-s sectors/cluster*
Specify the number of sectors per cluster.
*-r size*
Specify the number of entries in the root directory.
*-v*
Enable verbose output mode.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``mkdos``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ mkdos /dev/rda1
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MKDOS
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MKDOS
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MKDOS`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MKDOS`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_mkdos
The ``mkdos`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_mkdos(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``mkdos`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_MKDOS_Command;
.. _mknod:
mknod - make device special file
--------------------------------
.. index:: mknod
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
mknod [-rR] [-F fmt] [-g gid] [-m mode] [-u uid] name [c | b] [driver | major] minor
mknod [-rR] [-F fmt] [-g gid] [-m mode] [-u uid] name [c | b] major unit subunit
mknod [-rR] [-g gid] [-m mode] [-u uid] name [c | b] number
mknod [-rR] [-g gid] [-m mode] [-u uid] name p
**DESCRIPTION:**
The mknod command creates device special files, or fifos. Normally the shell
script /dev/MAKEDEV is used to create special files for commonly known devices;
it executes mknod with the appropriate arguments and can make all the files
required for the device.
To make nodes manually, the arguments are:
*-r*
Replace an existing file if its type is incorrect.
*-R*
Replace an existing file if its type is incorrect. Correct the mode, user
and group.
*-g gid*
Specify the group for the device node. The gid operand may be a numeric
group ID or a group name. If a group name is also a numeric group ID, the
operand is used as a group name. Precede a numeric group ID with a # to
stop it being treated as a name.
*-m mode*
Specify the mode for the device node. The mode may be absolute or
symbolic, see *chmod*.
*-u uid*
Specify the user for the device node. The uid operand may be a numeric
user ID or a user name. If a user name is also a numeric user ID, the
operand is used as a user name. Precede a numeric user ID with a # to stop
it being treated as a name.
*name*
Device name, for example "tty" for a termios serial device or "hd" for a
disk.
*b | c | p*
Type of device. If the device is a block type device such as a tape or
disk drive which needs both cooked and raw special files, the type is b.
All other devices are character type devices, such as terminal and pseudo
devices, and are type c. Specifying p creates fifo files.
*driver | major*
The major device number is an integer number which tells the kernel which
device driver entry point to use. If the device driver is configured into
the current kernel it may be specified by driver name or major number.
*minor*
The minor device number tells the kernel which one of several similar
devices the node corresponds to; for example, it may be a specific serial
port or pty.
*unit and subunit*
The unit and subunit numbers select a subset of a device; for example, the
unit may specify a particular disk, and the subunit a partition on that
disk. (Currently this form of specification is only supported by the bsdos
format, for compatibility with the BSD/OS mknod).
*number*
A single opaque device number. Useful for netbooted computers which
require device numbers packed in a format that isn't supported by -F.
**EXIT STATUS:**
The ``mknod`` utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] mknod c 3 0 /dev/ttyS10
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MKNOD
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MKNOD
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MKNOD`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MKNOD`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_mknod
The ``mknod`` command is implemented by a C language function which has the
following prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_mknod(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``mknod`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_MKNOD_Command;
**ORIGIN:**
The implementation and portions of the documentation for this command are from
NetBSD 4.0.
.. _mkrfs:
mkrfs - format RFS file system
------------------------------
.. index:: mkrfs
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
mkrfs [-vsbiIo] device
**DESCRIPTION:**
Format the block device with the RTEMS File System (RFS). The default
configuration with not parameters selects a suitable block size based on the
size of the media being formatted.
The media is broken up into groups of blocks. The number of blocks in a group
is based on the number of bits a block contains. The large a block the more
blocks a group contains and the fewer groups in the file system.
The following options are provided:
*-v*
Display configuration and progress of the format.
*-s*
Set the block size in bytes.
*-b*
The number of blocks in a group. The block count must be equal or less than
the number of bits in a block.
*-i*
Number of inodes in a group. The inode count must be equal or less than the
number of bits in a block.
*-I*
Initialise the inodes. The default is not to initialise the inodes and to
rely on the inode being initialised when allocated. Initialising the inode
table helps recovery if a problem appears.
*-o*
Integer percentage of the media used by inodes. The default is 1%.
*device*
Path of the device to format.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``mkrfs``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ mkrfs /dev/fdda
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MKRFS
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MKRFS
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MKRFS`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MKRFS`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_mkrfs
The ``mkrfs`` command is implemented by a C language function which has the
following prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_mkrfs(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for ``mkrfs`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_MKRFS_Command;
.. _mount:
mount - mount disk
------------------
.. index:: mount
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
mount [-t fstype] [-r] [-L] device path
**DESCRIPTION:**
The ``mount`` command will mount a block device to a mount point using the
specified file system. The files systems are:
- msdos - MSDOS File System
- tftp - TFTP Network File System
- ftp - FTP Network File System
- nfs - Network File System
- rfs - RTEMS File System
When the file system type is 'msdos' or 'rfs' the driver is a "block device
driver" node present in the file system. The driver is ignored with the 'tftp'
and 'ftp' file systems. For the 'nfs' file system the driver is the
'host:/path' string that described NFS host and the exported file system path.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
The mount point must exist.
The services offered by each file-system vary. For example you cannot list the
directory of a TFTP file-system as this server is not provided in the TFTP
protocol. You need to check each file-system's documentation for the services
provided.
**EXAMPLES:**
Mount the Flash Disk driver to the '/fd' mount point:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ mount -t msdos /dev/flashdisk0 /fd
Mount the NFS file system exported path 'bar' by host 'foo':
.. code:: shell
$ mount -t nfs foo:/bar /nfs
Mount the TFTP file system on '/tftp':
.. code:: shell
$ mount -t tftp /tftp
To access the TFTP files on server '10.10.10.10':
.. code:: shell
$ cat /tftp/10.10.10.10/test.txt
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MOUNT
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MOUNT
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MOUNT`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MOUNT`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
The mount command includes references to file-system code. If you do not wish
to include file-system that you do not use do not define the mount command
support for that file-system. The file-system mount command defines are:
- msdos - CONFIGURE_SHELL_MOUNT_MSDOS
- tftp - CONFIGURE_SHELL_MOUNT_TFTP
- ftp - CONFIGURE_SHELL_MOUNT_FTP
- nfs - CONFIGURE_SHELL_MOUNT_NFS
- rfs - CONFIGURE_SHELL_MOUNT_RFS
An example configuration is:
.. code:: c
#define CONFIGURE_SHELL_MOUNT_MSDOS
#ifdef RTEMS_NETWORKING
#define CONFIGURE_SHELL_MOUNT_TFTP
#define CONFIGURE_SHELL_MOUNT_FTP
#define CONFIGURE_SHELL_MOUNT_NFS
#define CONFIGURE_SHELL_MOUNT_RFS
#endif
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_mount
The ``mount`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_mount(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``mount`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_MOUNT_Command;
.. _mv:
mv - move files
---------------
.. index:: mv
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
mv [-fiv] source_file target_file
mv [-fiv] source_file... target_file
**DESCRIPTION:**
In its first form, the mv utility renames the file named by the source operand
to the destination path named by the target operand. This form is assumed when
the last operand does not name an already existing directory.
In its second form, mv moves each file named by a source operand to a
destination file in the existing directory named by the directory operand. The
destination path for each operand is the pathname produced by the concatenation
of the last operand, a slash, and the final pathname component of the named
file.
The following options are available:
*-f*
Do not prompt for confirmation before overwriting the destination path.
*-i*
Causes mv to write a prompt to standard error before moving a file that
would overwrite an existing file. If the response from the standard input
begins with the character 'y', the move is attempted.
*-v*
Cause mv to be verbose, showing files as they are processed.
The last of any -f or -i options is the one which affects mv's behavior.
It is an error for any of the source operands to specify a nonexistent file or
directory.
It is an error for the source operand to specify a directory if the target
exists and is not a directory.
If the destination path does not have a mode which permits writing, mv prompts
the user for confirmation as specified for the -i option.
Should the *rename* call fail because source and target are on different file
systems, ``mv`` will remove the destination file, copy the source file to the
destination, and then remove the source. The effect is roughly equivalent to:
.. code:: shell
rm -f destination_path && \
cp -PRp source_file destination_path && \
rm -rf source_file
**EXIT STATUS:**
The ``mv`` utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] mv /dev/console /dev/con1
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MV
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MV
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_MV`` to have this command
included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_MV`` when all shell commands have been configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_main_mv
The ``mv`` command is implemented by a C language function which has the
following prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_main_mv(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``mv`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_MV_Command;
**ORIGIN:**
The implementation and portions of the documentation for this command are from
NetBSD 4.0.
.. _pwd:
pwd - print work directory
--------------------------
.. index:: pwd
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
pwd
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command prints the fully qualified filename of the current working
directory.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``pwd``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ pwd
/
SHLL [/] $ cd dev
SHLL [/dev] $ pwd
/dev
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_PWD
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_PWD
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_PWD`` to have this command
included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_PWD`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_pwd
The ``pwd`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_pwd(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``pwd`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_PWD_Command;
.. _rmdir:
rmdir - remove empty directories
--------------------------------
.. index:: rmdir
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
rmdir [dir1 .. dirN]
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command removes the specified set of directories. If no directories are
provided on the command line, no actions are taken.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
This command is a implemented using the ``rmdir(2)`` system call and all
reasons that call may fail apply to this command.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``rmdir``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] # mkdir joeldir
SHLL [/] # rmdir joeldir
SHLL [/] # ls joeldir
joeldir: No such file or directory.
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_RMDIR
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_RMDIR
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_RMDIR`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_RMDIR`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_rmdir
The ``rmdir`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_rmdir(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``rmdir`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_RMDIR_Command;
.. _rm:
rm - remove files
-----------------
.. index:: rm
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
rm file1 [file2 ... fileN]
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command deletes a name from the filesystem. If the specified file name
was the last link to a file and there are no ``open`` file descriptor
references to that file, then it is deleted and the associated space in the
file system is made available for subsequent use.
If the filename specified was the last link to a file but there are open file
descriptor references to it, then the file will remain in existence until the
last file descriptor referencing it is closed.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
None.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``rm``:
.. code:: c
SHLL [/] # cp /etc/passwd tmpfile
SHLL [/] # cat tmpfile
root:*:0:0:root::/:/bin/sh
rtems:*:1:1:RTEMS Application::/:/bin/sh
tty:!:2:2:tty owner::/:/bin/false
SHLL [/] # rm tmpfile
SHLL [/] # cat tmpfile
cat: tmpfile: No such file or directory
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_RM
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_RM
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_RM`` to have this command
included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_RM`` when all shell commands have been configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_main_rm
The ``rm`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_main_rm(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``rm`` has the
following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_RM_Command;
.. _umask:
umask - set file mode creation mask
-----------------------------------
.. index:: umask
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
umask [new_umask]
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command sets the user file creation mask to ``new_umask``. The argument
``new_umask`` may be octal, hexadecimal, or decimal.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
This command does not currently support symbolic mode masks.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``umask``:
.. code:: shell
SHLL [/] $ umask
022
SHLL [/] $ umask 0666
0666
SHLL [/] $ umask
0666
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_UMASK
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_UMASK
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_UMASK`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_UMASK`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_umask
The ``umask`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_umask(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``umask`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_UMASK_Command;
.. _unmount:
unmount - unmount disk
----------------------
.. index:: unmount
**SYNOPSYS:**
.. code:: shell
unmount path
**DESCRIPTION:**
This command unmounts the device at the specified ``path``.
**EXIT STATUS:**
This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
**NOTES:**
TBD - Surely there must be some warnings to go here.
**EXAMPLES:**
The following is an example of how to use ``unmount``:
.. code:: shell
EXAMPLE_TBD
**CONFIGURATION:**
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_UNMOUNT
.. index:: CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_UNMOUNT
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a
custom command set, define ``CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_UNMOUNT`` to have this
command included.
This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
``CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_UNMOUNT`` when all shell commands have been
configured.
**PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:**
.. index:: rtems_shell_rtems_main_unmount
The ``unmount`` is implemented by a C language function which has the following
prototype:
.. code:: c
int rtems_shell_rtems_main_unmount(
int argc,
char **argv
);
The configuration structure for the ``unmount`` has the following prototype:
.. code:: c
extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_UNMOUNT_Command;
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