rtems-libbsd/rtemsbsd/ttcp/ttcp.c

/*
 *	T T C P . C
 *
 * Test TCP connection.  Makes a connection on port 5001
 * and transfers fabricated buffers or data copied from stdin.
 *
 * Usable on 4.2, 4.3, and 4.1a systems by defining one of
 * BSD42 BSD43 (BSD41a)
 * Machines using System V with BSD sockets should define SYSV.
 *
 * Modified for operation under 4.2BSD, 18 Dec 84
 *      T.C. Slattery, USNA
 * Minor improvements, Mike Muuss and Terry Slattery, 16-Oct-85.
 * Modified in 1989 at Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 *	catch SIGPIPE to be able to print stats when receiver has died
 *	for tcp, don't look for sentinel during reads to allow small transfers
 *	increased default buffer size to 8K, nbuf to 2K to transfer 16MB
 *	moved default port to 5001, beyond IPPORT_USERRESERVED
 *	make sinkmode default because it is more popular,
 *		-s now means don't sink/source
 *	count number of read/write system calls to see effects of
 *		blocking from full socket buffers
 *	for tcp, -D option turns off buffered writes (sets TCP_NODELAY sockopt)
 *	buffer alignment options, -A and -O
 *	print stats in a format that's a bit easier to use with grep & awk
 *	for SYSV, mimic BSD routines to use most of the existing timing code
 * Modified by Steve Miller of the University of Maryland, College Park
 *	-b sets the socket buffer size (SO_SNDBUF/SO_RCVBUF)
 * Modified Sept. 1989 at Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 *	restored -s sense at request of tcs@brl
 * Modified Oct. 1991 at Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 *	use getopt(3) for option processing, add -f and -T options.
 *	SGI IRIX 3.3 and 4.0 releases don't need #define SYSV.
 *
 * Distribution Status -
 *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
 */

#ifndef lint
/* static char RCSid[] = "ttcp.c $Revision$"; */
#endif

#define BSD43
/* #define BSD42 */
/* #define BSD41a */
/* #define SYSV */	/* required on SGI IRIX releases before 3.3 */

//The millisecond delay should work on a modern OS but can be disabled if not
#define ENABLE_NANOSLEEP_DELAY

#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>		/* struct timeval */

#if defined(ENABLE_NANOSLEEP_DELAY)
#include <time.h>
#endif

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#if defined(SYSV)
#include <sys/times.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
struct rusage {
    struct timeval ru_utime, ru_stime;
};
#define RUSAGE_SELF 0
#else
#include <sys/resource.h>
#endif

#if defined(__rtems__)
#define __need_getopt_newlib
#include <getopt.h>
#include <rtems/shell.h>
#endif

static struct sockaddr_in sinme;
static struct sockaddr_in sinhim;
static struct sockaddr_in frominet;

/* these make it easier to avoid warnings */
static struct sockaddr *sinhim_p = (struct sockaddr *) &sinhim;
static struct sockaddr *sinme_p = (struct sockaddr *) &sinme;
static struct sockaddr *frominet_p = (struct sockaddr *) &frominet;

static int domain;
static socklen_t fromlen;
static int fd;				/* fd of network socket */

static int buflen = 8 * 1024;		/* length of buffer */
static char *buf;			/* ptr to dynamic buffer */
static char *alloc_buf;			/* ptr to beginning of memory allocated for buf */
static int nbuf = 2 * 1024;		/* number of buffers to send in sinkmode */

static int bufoffset = 0;		/* align buffer to this */
static int bufalign = 16*1024;		/* modulo this */

static int udp = 0;			/* 0 = tcp, !0 = udp */
static int options = 0;		/* socket options */
static int one = 1;                    /* for 4.3 BSD style setsockopt() */
static short port = 5001;		/* TCP port number */
static char *host;			/* ptr to name of host */
static int trans;			/* 0=receive, !0=transmit mode */
static int sinkmode = 0;		/* 0=normal I/O, !0=sink/source mode */
static int verbose = 0;		/* 0=print basic info, 1=print cpu rate, proc
				 * resource usage. */
static int nodelay = 0;		/* set TCP_NODELAY socket option */
static int b_flag = 0;			/* use mread() */
static int sockbufsize = 0;		/* socket buffer size to use */
static char fmt = 'K';			/* output format: k = kilobits, K = kilobytes,
				 *  m = megabits, M = megabytes,
				 *  g = gigabits, G = gigabytes */
static int touchdata = 0;		/* access data after reading */
static long milliseconds = 0;          /* delay in milliseconds */

static struct hostent *addr;
static void initialize_vars(void)
{
	memset(&sinme, 0, sizeof(sinme));
	memset(&sinhim, 0, sizeof(sinhim));
	memset(&frominet, 0, sizeof(frominet));

	/* these make it easier to avoid warnings */
	sinhim_p = (struct sockaddr *) &sinhim;
	sinme_p = (struct sockaddr *) &sinme;
	frominet_p = (struct sockaddr *) &frominet;

	domain = 0;
	fromlen = 0;
	fd = 0;				/* fd of network socket */

	buflen = 8 * 1024;		/* length of buffer */
	buf = NULL;			/* ptr to dynamic buffer */
	alloc_buf = NULL; /* ptr to beginning of memory allocated for buf */
	nbuf = 2 * 1024;		/* number of buffers to send in sinkmode */

	bufoffset = 0;		/* align buffer to this */
	bufalign = 16*1024;		/* modulo this */

	udp = 0;			/* 0 = tcp, !0 = udp */
	options = 0;		/* socket options */
	one = 1;			/* for 4.3 BSD style setsockopt() */
	port = 5001;		/* TCP port number */
	host = NULL;			/* ptr to name of host */
	trans = 0;			/* 0=receive, !0=transmit mode */
	sinkmode = 0;		/* 0=normal I/O, !0=sink/source mode */
	verbose = 0;		/* 0=print basic info, 1=print cpu rate, proc
									 * resource usage. */
	nodelay = 0;		/* set TCP_NODELAY socket option */
	b_flag = 0;			/* use mread() */
	sockbufsize = 0;		/* socket buffer size to use */
	fmt = 'K';			/* output format: k = kilobits, K = kilobytes,
									 *  m = megabits, M = megabytes,
									 *  g = gigabits, G = gigabytes */
	touchdata = 0;		/* access data after reading */
	milliseconds = 0;			/* delay in milliseconds */

	addr = NULL;
}

static const char Usage[] = "\
Usage: ttcp -t [-options] host [ < in ]\n\
       ttcp -r [-options > out]\n\
Common options:\n\
	-l ##	length of bufs read from or written to network (default 8192)\n\
	-u	use UDP instead of TCP\n\
	-p ##	port number to send to or listen at (default 5001)\n\
	-s	-t: source a pattern to network\n\
		-r: sink (discard) all data from network\n\
	-A	align the start of buffers to this modulus (default 16384)\n\
	-O	start buffers at this offset from the modulus (default 0)\n\
	-v	verbose: print more statistics\n\
	-d	set SO_DEBUG socket option\n\
	-b ##	set socket buffer size (if supported)\n\
	-f X	format for rate: k,K = kilo{bit,byte}; m,M = mega; g,G = giga\n\
Options specific to -t:\n\
	-n##	number of source bufs written to network (default 2048)\n\
	-D	don't buffer TCP writes (sets TCP_NODELAY socket option)\n\
Options specific to -r:\n\
	-B	for -s, only output full blocks as specified by -l (for TAR)\n\
	-T	\"touch\": access each byte as it's read\n\
	-m ##	delay for specified milliseconds between each write\n\
";

static char stats[128];
static double nbytes;			/* bytes on net */
static unsigned long numCalls;		/* # of I/O system calls */
static double cput, realt;		/* user, real time (seconds) */

static void err();
static void mes();
static void pattern();
static void prep_timer();
static double read_timer();
static int Nread();
static int Nwrite();
static void delay();
static int mread();
static char *outfmt();

static void millisleep(long msec)
{
#if defined(ENABLE_NANOSLEEP_DELAY)
  struct timespec req;

  req.tv_sec = msec / 1000;
  req.tv_nsec = (msec % 1000) * 1000000;

  nanosleep( &req, NULL );
#endif
}

#if (defined (__rtems__))
int rtems_shell_main_ttcp(argc,argv)
#else
int main(argc,argv)
#endif
int argc;
char **argv;
{
	initialize_vars();
	unsigned long addr_tmp;
	int c;

	if (argc < 2) goto usage;

#ifdef __rtems__
	struct getopt_data getopt_reent;
#define optarg getopt_reent.optarg
#define optind getopt_reent.optind
#define opterr getopt.reent.opterr
#define optopt getopt.reent.optopt
	memset(&getopt_reent, 0, sizeof(getopt_data));
	while ((c = getopt_r(argc, argv,
					"drstuvBDTb:f:l:m:n:p:A:O:",
					&getopt_reent)) != -1) {
#else
	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "drstuvBDTb:f:l:m:n:p:A:O:")) != -1) {
#endif
		switch (c) {

		case 'B':
			b_flag = 1;
			break;
		case 't':
			trans = 1;
			break;
		case 'r':
			trans = 0;
			break;
		case 'd':
			options |= SO_DEBUG;
			break;
		case 'D':
#ifdef TCP_NODELAY
			nodelay = 1;
#else
			fprintf(stderr,
	"ttcp: -D option ignored: TCP_NODELAY socket option not supported\n");
#endif
			break;
		case 'm':
			milliseconds = atoi(optarg);
			#if !defined(ENABLE_NANOSLEEP_DELAY)
				fprintf(stderr, "millisecond delay disabled\n");
			#endif
			break;
		case 'n':
			nbuf = atoi(optarg);
			break;
		case 'l':
			buflen = atoi(optarg);
			break;
		case 's':
			sinkmode = !sinkmode;
			break;
		case 'p':
			port = atoi(optarg);
			break;
		case 'u':
			udp = 1;
			break;
		case 'v':
			verbose = 1;
			break;
		case 'A':
			bufalign = atoi(optarg);
			break;
		case 'O':
			bufoffset = atoi(optarg);
			break;
		case 'b':
#if defined(SO_SNDBUF) || defined(SO_RCVBUF)
			sockbufsize = atoi(optarg);
#else
			fprintf(stderr,
"ttcp: -b option ignored: SO_SNDBUF/SO_RCVBUF socket options not supported\n");
#endif
			break;
		case 'f':
			fmt = *optarg;
			break;
		case 'T':
			touchdata = 1;
			break;

		default:
			goto usage;
		}
	}
	if(trans)  {
		/* xmitr */
		if (optind == argc)
			goto usage;
		bzero((char *)&sinhim, sizeof(sinhim));
		host = argv[optind];
		if (atoi(host) > 0 )  {
			/* Numeric */
			sinhim.sin_family = AF_INET;
#if defined(cray)
			addr_tmp = inet_addr(host);
			sinhim.sin_addr = addr_tmp;
#else
			sinhim.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(host);
#endif
		} else {
			if ((addr=gethostbyname(host)) == NULL)  {
				err("bad hostname");
#ifdef __rtems__
				return 1;
#endif
			}
			sinhim.sin_family = addr->h_addrtype;
			bcopy(addr->h_addr,(char*)&addr_tmp, addr->h_length);
#if defined(cray)
			sinhim.sin_addr = addr_tmp;
#else
			sinhim.sin_addr.s_addr = addr_tmp;
#endif /* cray */
		}
		sinhim.sin_port = htons(port);
		sinme.sin_port = 0;		/* free choice */
	} else {
		/* rcvr */
		sinme.sin_port =  htons(port);
	}


	if (udp && buflen < 5) {
	    buflen = 5;		/* send more than the sentinel size */
	}

	if ( (buf = (char *)malloc(buflen+bufalign)) == (char *)NULL)  {
		err("malloc");
#ifdef __rtems__
		return 1;
#endif
	}
	alloc_buf = buf;
	if (bufalign != 0)
		buf +=(bufalign - ((intptr_t)buf % bufalign) + bufoffset) % bufalign;

	if (trans) {
	    fprintf(stdout,
	    "ttcp-t: buflen=%d, nbuf=%d, align=%d/%d, port=%d",
		buflen, nbuf, bufalign, bufoffset, port);
	    if (sockbufsize)
		fprintf(stdout, ", sockbufsize=%d", sockbufsize);
	    fprintf(stdout, "  %s  -> %s\n", udp?"udp":"tcp", host);
	} else {
	    fprintf(stdout,
	    "ttcp-r: buflen=%d, nbuf=%d, align=%d/%d, port=%d",
		buflen, nbuf, bufalign, bufoffset, port);
	    if (sockbufsize)
		fprintf(stdout, ", sockbufsize=%d", sockbufsize);
	    fprintf(stdout, "  %s\n", udp?"udp":"tcp");
	}

	if ((fd = socket(AF_INET, udp?SOCK_DGRAM:SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)  {
		err("socket");
#ifdef __rtems__
		return 1;
#endif
	}
	mes("socket");

	if (bind(fd, sinme_p, sizeof(sinme)) < 0)  {
		err("bind");
#ifdef __rtems__
		return 1;
#endif
	}

#if defined(SO_SNDBUF) || defined(SO_RCVBUF)
	if (sockbufsize) {
	    if (trans) {
		if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sockbufsize,
		    sizeof sockbufsize) < 0)  {
			err("setsockopt: sndbuf");
#ifdef __rtems__
			return 1;
#endif
		}
		mes("sndbuf");
	    } else {
		if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &sockbufsize,
		    sizeof sockbufsize) < 0)  {
			err("setsockopt: rcvbuf");
#ifdef __rtems__
			return 1;
#endif
		}
		mes("rcvbuf");
	    }
	}
#endif

	if (!udp)  {
#if !defined(__rtems__)
	    signal(SIGPIPE, sigpipe);
#endif
	    if (trans) {
		/* We are the client if transmitting */
		if (options)  {
#if defined(BSD42)
			if( setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, options, 0, 0) < 0)  {
#else /* BSD43 */
			if( setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, options, &one, sizeof(one)) < 0)  {
#endif
				err("setsockopt");
#ifdef __rtems__
				return 1;
#endif
			}
		}
#ifdef TCP_NODELAY
		if (nodelay) {
			struct protoent *p;
			p = getprotobyname("tcp");
			if( p && setsockopt(fd, p->p_proto, TCP_NODELAY,
			    &one, sizeof(one)) < 0)  {
				err("setsockopt: nodelay");
#ifdef __rtems__
				return 1;
#endif
			}
			mes("nodelay");
		}
#endif
		if(connect(fd, sinhim_p, sizeof(sinhim) ) < 0)  {
			err("connect");
#ifdef __rtems__
			return 1;
#endif
		}
		mes("connect");
	    } else {
		/* otherwise, we are the server and
	         * should listen for the connections
	         */
#if defined(ultrix) || defined(sgi)
		listen(fd,1);   /* workaround for alleged u4.2 bug */
#else
		listen(fd,0);   /* allow a queue of 0 */
#endif
		if(options)  {
#if defined(BSD42)
			if( setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, options, 0, 0) < 0)  {
#else /* BSD43 */
			if( setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, options, &one, sizeof(one)) < 0)  {
#endif
				err("setsockopt");
#ifdef __rtems__
				return 1;
#endif
			}
		}
		fromlen = sizeof(frominet);
		domain = AF_INET;
		int fd_list = fd;
		if((fd=accept(fd_list, frominet_p, &fromlen) ) < 0)  {
			err("accept");
#ifdef __rtems__
			return 1;
#endif
		}

		if(close(fd_list) < 0)  {
			err("close");
#ifdef __rtems__
			return 1;
#endif
		}

		{ struct sockaddr_in peer;
		  socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peer);
		  if (getpeername(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &peer,
				&peerlen) < 0) {
			err("getpeername");
#ifdef __rtems__
			return 1;
#endif
		  }
		  fprintf(stderr,"ttcp-r: accept from %s\n",
			inet_ntoa(peer.sin_addr));
		}
	    }
	}
	prep_timer();
	errno = 0;
	if (sinkmode) {
		register int cnt;
		if (trans)  {
			pattern( buf, buflen );
			if(udp)  (void)Nwrite( fd, buf, 4 ); /* rcvr start */
			while (nbuf-- && Nwrite(fd,buf,buflen) == buflen) {
				nbytes += buflen;
				millisleep( milliseconds );
                        }
			if(udp)  (void)Nwrite( fd, buf, 4 ); /* rcvr end */
		} else {
			if (udp) {
			    while ((cnt=Nread(fd,buf,buflen)) > 0)  {
				    static int going = 0;
				    if( cnt <= 4 )  {
					    if( going )
						    break;	/* "EOF" */
					    going = 1;
					    prep_timer();
				    } else {
					    nbytes += cnt;
				    }
			    }
			} else {
			    while ((cnt=Nread(fd,buf,buflen)) > 0)  {
				    nbytes += cnt;
			    }
			}
		}
	} else {
		register int cnt;
		if (trans)  {
			while((cnt=read(0,buf,buflen)) > 0 &&
			    Nwrite(fd,buf,cnt) == cnt)
				nbytes += cnt;
		}  else  {
			while((cnt=Nread(fd,buf,buflen)) > 0 &&
			    write(1,buf,cnt) == cnt)
				nbytes += cnt;
		}
	}
	if(errno)  {
		err("IO");
#ifdef __rtems__
		return 1;
#endif
	}
	(void)read_timer(stats,sizeof(stats));
	if(udp&&trans)  {
		(void)Nwrite( fd, buf, 4 ); /* rcvr end */
		(void)Nwrite( fd, buf, 4 ); /* rcvr end */
		(void)Nwrite( fd, buf, 4 ); /* rcvr end */
		(void)Nwrite( fd, buf, 4 ); /* rcvr end */
	}

	if(close(fd) < 0)  {
		err("close");
#ifdef __rtems__
		return 1;
#endif
	}

	if( cput <= 0.0 )  cput = 0.001;
	if( realt <= 0.0 )  realt = 0.001;
	fprintf(stdout,
		"ttcp%s: %.0f bytes in %.2f real seconds = %s/sec +++\n",
		trans?"-t":"-r",
		nbytes, realt, outfmt(nbytes/realt));
	if (verbose) {
	    fprintf(stdout,
		"ttcp%s: %.0f bytes in %.2f CPU seconds = %s/cpu sec\n",
		trans?"-t":"-r",
		nbytes, cput, outfmt(nbytes/cput));
	}
	fprintf(stdout,
		"ttcp%s: %ld I/O calls, msec/call = %.2f, calls/sec = %.2f\n",
		trans?"-t":"-r",
		numCalls,
		1024.0 * realt/((double)numCalls),
		((double)numCalls)/realt);
	fprintf(stdout,"ttcp%s: %s\n", trans?"-t":"-r", stats);
	if (verbose) {
	    fprintf(stdout,
		"ttcp%s: buffer address %p\n",
		trans?"-t":"-r",
		buf);
	}
	free(alloc_buf);
#ifdef __rtems__
	return 0;
#else
	exit(0);
#endif

usage:
	fprintf(stderr,Usage);
	free(alloc_buf);
#ifdef __rtems__
	return 1;
#else
	exit(1);
	return 1;
#endif
}

void
err(s)
char *s;
{
	fprintf(stderr,"ttcp%s: ", trans?"-t":"-r");
	perror(s);
	fprintf(stderr,"errno=%d\n",errno);
	free(alloc_buf);
	if (fd != 0)
	{
		close(fd);
	}
#ifdef __rtems__
	return;
#else
	exit(1);
#endif
}

void
mes(s)
char *s;
{
	fprintf(stderr,"ttcp%s: %s\n", trans?"-t":"-r", s);
}

void pattern( cp, cnt )
register char *cp;
register int cnt;
{
	register char c;
	c = 0;
	while( cnt-- > 0 )  {
		while( !isprint((c&0x7F)) )  c++;
		*cp++ = (c++&0x7F);
	}
}

char *
outfmt(b)
double b;
{
    static char obuf[50];
    switch (fmt) {
	case 'G':
	    sprintf(obuf, "%.2f GB", b / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
	    break;
	default:
	case 'K':
	    sprintf(obuf, "%.2f KB", b / 1024.0);
	    break;
	case 'M':
	    sprintf(obuf, "%.2f MB", b / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
	    break;
	case 'g':
	    sprintf(obuf, "%.2f Gbit", b * 8.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
	    break;
	case 'k':
	    sprintf(obuf, "%.2f Kbit", b * 8.0 / 1024.0);
	    break;
	case 'm':
	    sprintf(obuf, "%.2f Mbit", b * 8.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
	    break;
    }
    return obuf;
}

static struct	timeval time0;	/* Time at which timing started */
static struct	rusage ru0;	/* Resource utilization at the start */

#ifndef __rtems__
static void prusage();
static void psecs();
#endif
static void tvadd();
static void tvsub();

#if defined(SYSV)
/*ARGSUSED*/
static
getrusage(ignored, ru)
    int ignored;
    register struct rusage *ru;
{
    struct tms buf;

    times(&buf);

    /* Assumption: HZ <= 2147 (LONG_MAX/1000000) */
    ru->ru_stime.tv_sec  = buf.tms_stime / HZ;
    ru->ru_stime.tv_usec = ((buf.tms_stime % HZ) * 1000000) / HZ;
    ru->ru_utime.tv_sec  = buf.tms_utime / HZ;
    ru->ru_utime.tv_usec = ((buf.tms_utime % HZ) * 1000000) / HZ;
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static
gettimeofday(tp, zp)
    struct timeval *tp;
    struct timezone *zp;
{
    tp->tv_sec = time(0);
    tp->tv_usec = 0;
}
#endif /* SYSV */

/*
 *			P R E P _ T I M E R
 */
void
prep_timer()
{
	gettimeofday(&time0, (struct timezone *)0);
	getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru0);
}

/*
 *			R E A D _ T I M E R
 *
 */
double
read_timer(str,len)
char *str;
int len;
{
	struct timeval timedol;
	struct rusage ru1;
	struct timeval td;
	struct timeval tend, tstart;
	char line[132];

	getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru1);
	gettimeofday(&timedol, (struct timezone *)0);
#ifndef __rtems__
	prusage(&ru0, &ru1, &timedol, &time0, line);
#else
	line[0] = '\0';
#endif
	(void)strncpy( str, line, len );

	/* Get real time */
	tvsub( &td, &timedol, &time0 );
	realt = td.tv_sec + ((double)td.tv_usec) / 1000000;

	/* Get CPU time (user+sys) */
	tvadd( &tend, &ru1.ru_utime, &ru1.ru_stime );
	tvadd( &tstart, &ru0.ru_utime, &ru0.ru_stime );
	tvsub( &td, &tend, &tstart );
	cput = td.tv_sec + ((double)td.tv_usec) / 1000000;
	if( cput < 0.00001 )  cput = 0.00001;
	return( cput );
}

#ifndef __rtems__
static void
prusage(r0, r1, e, b, outp)
	register struct rusage *r0, *r1;
	struct timeval *e, *b;
	char *outp;
{
	struct timeval tdiff;
	register time_t t;
	register char *cp;
	register int i;
	int ms;

	t = (r1->ru_utime.tv_sec-r0->ru_utime.tv_sec)*100+
	    (r1->ru_utime.tv_usec-r0->ru_utime.tv_usec)/10000+
	    (r1->ru_stime.tv_sec-r0->ru_stime.tv_sec)*100+
	    (r1->ru_stime.tv_usec-r0->ru_stime.tv_usec)/10000;
	ms =  (e->tv_sec-b->tv_sec)*100 + (e->tv_usec-b->tv_usec)/10000;

#define END(x)	{while(*x) x++;}
#if defined(SYSV)
	cp = "%Uuser %Ssys %Ereal %P";
#else
#if defined(sgi)		/* IRIX 3.3 will show 0 for %M,%F,%R,%C */
	cp = "%Uuser %Ssys %Ereal %P %Mmaxrss %F+%Rpf %Ccsw";
#else
	cp = "%Uuser %Ssys %Ereal %P %Xi+%Dd %Mmaxrss %F+%Rpf %Ccsw";
#endif
#endif
	for (; *cp; cp++)  {
		if (*cp != '%')
			*outp++ = *cp;
		else if (cp[1]) switch(*++cp) {

		case 'U':
			tvsub(&tdiff, &r1->ru_utime, &r0->ru_utime);
			sprintf(outp,"%ld.%01ld", tdiff.tv_sec, tdiff.tv_usec/100000);
			END(outp);
			break;

		case 'S':
			tvsub(&tdiff, &r1->ru_stime, &r0->ru_stime);
			sprintf(outp,"%ld.%01ld", tdiff.tv_sec, tdiff.tv_usec/100000);
			END(outp);
			break;

		case 'E':
			psecs(ms / 100, outp);
			END(outp);
			break;

		case 'P':
			sprintf(outp,"%d%%", (int) (t*100 / ((ms ? ms : 1))));
			END(outp);
			break;

#if !defined(SYSV)
		case 'W':
			i = r1->ru_nswap - r0->ru_nswap;
			sprintf(outp,"%d", i);
			END(outp);
			break;

		case 'X':
			sprintf(outp,"%ld", t == 0 ? 0 : (r1->ru_ixrss-r0->ru_ixrss)/t);
			END(outp);
			break;

		case 'D':
			sprintf(outp,"%ld", t == 0 ? 0 :
			    (r1->ru_idrss+r1->ru_isrss-(r0->ru_idrss+r0->ru_isrss))/t);
			END(outp);
			break;

		case 'K':
			sprintf(outp,"%ld", t == 0 ? 0 :
			    ((r1->ru_ixrss+r1->ru_isrss+r1->ru_idrss) -
			    (r0->ru_ixrss+r0->ru_idrss+r0->ru_isrss))/t);
			END(outp);
			break;

		case 'M':
			sprintf(outp,"%d", r1->ru_maxrss/2);
			END(outp);
			break;

		case 'F':
			sprintf(outp,"%d", r1->ru_majflt-r0->ru_majflt);
			END(outp);
			break;

		case 'R':
			sprintf(outp,"%d", r1->ru_minflt-r0->ru_minflt);
			END(outp);
			break;

		case 'I':
			sprintf(outp,"%d", r1->ru_inblock-r0->ru_inblock);
			END(outp);
			break;

		case 'O':
			sprintf(outp,"%d", r1->ru_oublock-r0->ru_oublock);
			END(outp);
			break;
		case 'C':
			sprintf(outp,"%d+%d", r1->ru_nvcsw-r0->ru_nvcsw,
				r1->ru_nivcsw-r0->ru_nivcsw );
			END(outp);
			break;
#endif /* !SYSV */
		}
	}
	*outp = '\0';
}
#endif

static void
tvadd(tsum, t0, t1)
	struct timeval *tsum, *t0, *t1;
{

	tsum->tv_sec = t0->tv_sec + t1->tv_sec;
	tsum->tv_usec = t0->tv_usec + t1->tv_usec;
	if (tsum->tv_usec > 1000000)
		tsum->tv_sec++, tsum->tv_usec -= 1000000;
}

static void
tvsub(tdiff, t1, t0)
	struct timeval *tdiff, *t1, *t0;
{

	tdiff->tv_sec = t1->tv_sec - t0->tv_sec;
	tdiff->tv_usec = t1->tv_usec - t0->tv_usec;
	if (tdiff->tv_usec < 0)
		tdiff->tv_sec--, tdiff->tv_usec += 1000000;
}

#ifndef __rtems__
static void
psecs(l,cp)
long l;
register char *cp;
{
	register int i;

	i = l / 3600;
	if (i) {
		sprintf(cp,"%d:", i);
		END(cp);
		i = l % 3600;
		sprintf(cp,"%d%d", (i/60) / 10, (i/60) % 10);
		END(cp);
	} else {
		i = l;
		sprintf(cp,"%d", i / 60);
		END(cp);
	}
	i %= 60;
	*cp++ = ':';
	sprintf(cp,"%d%d", i / 10, i % 10);
}
#endif //!__rtems__

/*
 *			N R E A D
 */
int Nread( fd, buf, count )
int fd;
void *buf;
int count;
{
	struct sockaddr_in from;
	socklen_t len = sizeof(from);
	register int cnt;
	if( udp )  {
		cnt = recvfrom( fd, buf, count, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&from, &len );
		numCalls++;
	} else {
		if( b_flag )
			cnt = mread( fd, buf, count );	/* fill buf */
		else {
			cnt = read( fd, buf, count );
			numCalls++;
		}
		if (touchdata && cnt > 0) {
			register int c = cnt, sum;
			register char *b = buf;
			while (c--)
				sum += *b++;
		}
	}
	return(cnt);
}

/*
 *			N W R I T E
 */
int Nwrite( fd, buf, count )
int fd;
void *buf;
int count;
{
	register int cnt;
	if( udp )  {
again:
		cnt = sendto( fd, buf, count, 0, sinhim_p, sizeof(sinhim) );
		numCalls++;
		if( cnt<0 && errno == ENOBUFS )  {
			printf("ttcp: out of buffers -- delaying\n"); /*JRS*/
			delay(18000);
			errno = 0;
			goto again;
		}
	} else {
		cnt = write( fd, buf, count );
		numCalls++;
	}
	return(cnt);
}

void
delay(int us)
{
	struct timeval tv;

	tv.tv_sec = 0;
	tv.tv_usec = us;
	(void)select( 1, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &tv );
}

/*
 *			M R E A D
 *
 * This function performs the function of a read(II) but will
 * call read(II) multiple times in order to get the requested
 * number of characters.  This can be necessary because
 * network connections don't deliver data with the same
 * grouping as it is written with.  Written by Robert S. Miles, BRL.
 */
int
mread(fd, bufp, n)
int fd;
register char	*bufp;
unsigned	n;
{
	register unsigned	count = 0;
	register int		nread;

	do {
		nread = read(fd, bufp, n-count);
		numCalls++;
		if(nread < 0)  {
			perror("ttcp_mread");
			return(-1);
		}
		if(nread == 0)
			return((int)count);
		count += (unsigned)nread;
		bufp += nread;
	 } while(count < n);

	return((int)count);
}